August 14th, 2025
EMDR therapy is a form of psychotherapy used to treat trauma or other distressing experiences that has been around since the late 1980s when Francine Shapiro, a renowned psychologist, initially developed it. EMDR stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing and it has since gained popularity, especially in recent years, as people have become more familiar with it.’
Although initially developed to primarily treat post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), EMDR is a beneficial treatment for other mental health disorders as well, such as depression, anxiety, OCD, substance use, grief and loss, eating disorders, and many more. Since its development, EMDR has undergone significant evolution and is now a widely used treatment method among many clinicians in the US and other countries.
EMDR works by helping individuals reprocess disturbing memories and traumatic events by talking about such events while engaging in side-to-side eye movements, or other forms of bilateral stimulation (BLS). When we experience traumatic events, those memories can become engrained in the brain, while the associated emotional and physical feelings remain stored and activated in the body.
Due to this, the mind can become stuck on a painful emotion or perception, which can become maladaptive over time and impact a person in the present and into the future.., EMDR works by helping people access and dismantle negative beliefs, and then replace them with positive or neutral ones.
The goal in EMDR is to reduce distress and reactivity, through the use of bilateral stimulation (BLS), by helping people reduce maladaptive beliefs and develop adaptive beliefs instead.
BLS encourages eye movements, done by following the therapist’s fingers or another object (if using a remote EMDR program) and moving the eyes from left to right, or by tapping on the shoulders (with arms crossed) or tops of the legs (with arms not crossed), left then right.
Research suggests that BLS, alongside the overall therapeutic process of EMDR, allows patients to more easily access the negative thoughts and feelings associated with distressing experiences to then resume a more natural healing process.
EMDR is an eight-phase model that utilizes a combination of various tools throughout the process. During an EMDR therapy session, you can expect different things depending on the phase you are in. Let’s go through each EMDR therapy phase together:
The first phase of the EMDR is history taking; during this time, you will be discussing various topics related to the trauma and other aspects of your life, and determining if EMDR will be likely to help you.
These topics include current symptoms and when they started, goals, and negative beliefs. You will also be making a list of life events that you wish to work through in the EMDR sessions. These can be traumatic events or more generalized symptoms such as “anxiety”, “shutting down”, or “fear of the dark”, for example. You will also review topics such as coping skills, support systems, and other available resources to help manage your emotions and symptoms throughout EMDR treatment.
Phase two is preparation; in this phase, you are preparing to work through the traumatic memory. Phase two can consist of many things, ranging from learning about emotional regulation and mindfulness to processing and exploring some of the trauma, so that you can better understand it before processing it further. In phase two, you will also learn about using tapping, and other similar techniques, to self-soothe.
Phase three is the assessment phase; in this phase, you will be gathering all the information about the memory that you will be working on. You will also identify positive beliefs you would like to believe about yourself going forward.
Phases four through seven involve reprocessing and desensitization of the memory. In phase four, you will reprocess the memory and dismantle the negative belief before instilling the positive belief in phase five.
After this you will proceed to a body scan, phase 6, during which you will notice any positive or negative changes within the body. There may be times when tension still needs to be worked out, and there may be times when you feel lighter and more positive afterward. Both outcomes are expected, and this may vary depending on the memory you have been working on.
Closing out the memory comes in phase seven, where you will discuss the work your brain did and what to expect in the following days to weeks. Finally, in phase eight, you will revisit the last memory you worked through, ensuring that nothing from that memory resurfaces and that the positive belief remains strong. You will also discuss any symptoms you may have noticed in the week preceding the appointment.
EMDR therapy can be beneficial for a wide range of individuals, especially those who have experienced trauma or distressing life events. It is most commonly used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but it’s also effective for anxiety, depression, panic attacks, phobias, and grief.
People who feel "stuck" in emotional patterns or who struggle with intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, or low self-esteem may also benefit. EMDR is suitable for both adults and adolescents and can be especially helpful for those who haven’t found relief through traditional talk therapy alone.
EMDR can be an intense process, but it can also be a life-changing one. The most important thing to note is that some symptoms may worsen before they improve. EMDR can have some side effects, including fatigue, increased nightmares, and other heightened symptoms. These symptoms are usually temporary and will subside as the treatment progresses.
When beginning an EMDR session, it is essential to assess your mental state. Suppose you are coming in and not in the appropriate headspace to undergo EMDR. In that case, the process can become too emotionally or psychologically intense which can temporarily limit or cut off access to that memory, so that no reprocessing can occur.
The same applies if you are feeling physically ill, even dealing with something as minor as a cold. Other considerations to factor in include having a proper space to complete EMDR sessions, especially if sessions are conducted via telehealth. If the session is being conducted in person, consider how you will decompress after the session before driving, just in case your nervous system or emotions are still activated.
Being forthcoming with your therapist about medical and other mental health issues is also vital for your safety, as the BLS may impact the condition, or vice versa the condition may influence the type of BLS that is being used or the amount of time BLS is happening. Likewise, dissociating can be a hindrance in the reprocessing phase, and sharing this information is necessary for EMDR to be effective.
There is a misconception that undergoing EMDR during pregnancy is unsafe, but according to EMDRIA Certified EMDR Therapist Bethany Warren, LCSW, PMH-C, “there is no evidence to support concerns that EMDR therapy during pregnancy is unsafe. Research now shows us that pregnant clients who receive EMDR therapy experience decreased distress and PTSD symptoms, decreased fears of childbirth, less intrusive thoughts, and overall increases in confidence about their upcoming delivery” (EMDRIA, 2022).
Knowing how your prescriptions can interact with EMDR is also essential to be aware of. Taking any benzodiazepines (Xanax, Valium, Klonopin, Ativan, to name a few) may block specific brain receptors needed for reprocessing.
It is recommended to refrain from these medications for at least 12 hours before an EMDR reprocessing session and for at least 48 hours following the appointment. Marijuana and other drug use can also interfere with EMDR, and it is safer to complete an EMDR session when sober (EMDR Expert, 2025).
There are a lot of misconceptions around EMDR side effects and safety. EMDR does not cause seizures or force traumatic flashbacks—it’s a structured process that helps the brain safely reprocess difficult memories. However, like many trauma-focused therapies, EMDR can bring up strong emotional and physical reactions. These responses are typically a natural part of healing and processing. Below is a breakdown of the possible side effects you may experience during or after EMDR sessions.
To figure out whether it would be right for you, it is best to do your research on it and speak to a mental health professional. You may also talk to people who have gone through it themselves and ask about their experience, if they're willing to share. However, one of the best ways to learn more about EMDR is always going to be by seeking a consultation with an EMDR therapist to determine if it is something you would like to explore. EMDRIA, the EMDR International Association, offers a wealth of valuable information on EMDR.
Regardless of your decision, it is crucial to have the necessary information before starting EMDR therapy.
Additionally, keep in mind that the EMDR experience is unique to everyone. Knowing if EMDR is right for you is something only you can decide. Before deciding to move forward with it, ask yourself these questions:
Therapy, while challenging at times, can also be very rewarding, and EMDR therapy is no different. It is essential to find the right therapist for you when seeking help. Once you feel ready to take that step, Clarity Clinic can help! Our clinics offer many qualified therapists ready to work with you and help you regain control of your life.
If you’re searching for EMDR therapy near you to address trauma, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), look no further than Clarity Clinic—Chicago’s leading mental health clinic. With a team of expert clinicians, Clarity Clinic offers the best EMDR therapy in Chicago, helping individuals process painful memories and regain control of their lives.
Located conveniently in downtown Chicago Loop, River North, Lakeview Broadway, Lakeview Belmont, Evanston, and Arlington Heights, Clarity Clinic is more than just a place for EMDR therapy. We offer a full spectrum of services including talk therapy, online therapy, CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), DBT (Dialectical Behavior Therapy), PHP (Partial Hospitalization Program), IOP (Intensive Outpatient Program), cutting-edge TMS therapy for treatment-resistant depression, and more.
Whether you're looking for affordable therapy in Chicago or exploring trauma-informed care options, Clarity Clinic is your trusted destination for comprehensive mental health care and therapy in Chicago. Start your journey to healing with a team that understands your needs and is here to help you thrive by browsing our list of therapists/ providers and booking and scheduling your first appointment below.
Find a Mental Health Care SpecialistWhat does EMDR stand for?
EMDR stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, a therapy used to treat trauma and emotional distress.
Why is EMDR so controversial?
EMDR is sometimes seen as controversial due to the uncertainty surrounding its mechanism of action. People are unsure as to “why it works” and question its use of eye movements. However, numerous studies support its effectiveness in treating trauma and PTSD.
Is EMDR evidence based?
Yes, EMDR is an evidence-based therapy. It is recommended by organizations like the APA and WHO for treating PTSD and trauma-related disorders.
Can EMDR be done virtually?
Yes, virtual EMDR therapy is possible and effective using guided techniques and secure video sessions with a licensed therapist.
Does EMDR work?
Yes, EMDR therapy has been proven to reduce symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and other trauma-related conditions in both adults and teens.
Is EMDR hypnosis?
No, EMDR is not hypnosis. Patients remain fully awake and aware while reprocessing traumatic memories in a controlled, therapeutic setting.
Brainspotting vs EMDR?
Both are trauma-focused therapies. EMDR uses eye movements, while Brainspotting focuses on eye position to access trauma. EMDR is more widely researched and evidence-based.
Related Readings:
References
Warren, Bethany, LCSW, PMH-C (2022) EMDR Therapy and Pregnancy. EMDR International Association
https://www.emdria.org/blog/emdr-therapy-and-pregnancy/
Cannon, Tina, LMHC (2025) Who Is EMDR Therapy Appropriate for and Who Would Not Benefit From It? EMDR Expert
https://www.emdrexpert.com/who-is-emdr-therapy-appropriate-for-and-who-would-not-benefit-from-it/
Disclaimer: The information on this page is for educational and informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with any questions regarding a medical condition or treatment. Never ignore or delay seeking professional help due to information found here.
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